abstract：:Productive immune responses to T-cell-dependent antigens ultimately generate two long-lived compartments: memory B cells and bone marrow-resident plasma cells, which both arise from within germinal centres. The ability of a B-cell clone to populate these effector compartments requires its descendents to outcompete tho...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Tarlinton DM

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of the genes that make up rearranged immunoglobulin genes is critical to many studies. For example, the enumeration of mutations in immunoglobulin genes is important for the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and this requires the accurate identification of the germline genes from which a pa...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Wang Y,Jackson KJ,Sewell WA,Collins AM

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Even though smallpox has been eradicated, the threat of accidental or intentional release has highlighted the fact there is little consensus about correlates of protective immunity or immunity against re-infection with the causative poxvirus, variola virus (VARV). As the existing vaccine for smallpox has unacceptable ...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Panchanathan V,Chaudhri G,Karupiah G

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is important in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. TNF-alpha-deficient mice show more severe colonic inflammation than wild-type (Wt) mice, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay and histopathology, we found t...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Xu Y,Hunt NH,Bao S

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular effects of biodiesel emissions particulate matter (BDEP) and petroleum diesel emissions particulate matter (PDEP) were compared using a human airway cell line, A549. At concentrations of 25 microg/ml, diesel particulate matter induced the formation of multinucleate cells. In cells treated with a mixture o...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Ackland ML,Zou L,Freestone D,van de Waasenburg S,Michalczyk AA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an important negative regulator of T-cell activation. T-cell activation involves partitioning of receptors into discrete membrane compartments known as lipid rafts and the formation of an immunological synapse (IS) between the T cell and antigen-presenting cell (APC). Here we sh...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Wu TH,Zhen Y,Zeng C,Yi HF,Zhao Y

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD8+ T lymphocytes are key effectors in the control of viral diseases and some tumours. In general, the majority of CD8+ T cells recognize a few immunodominant epitopes, but in some circumstances, subdominant specificities may be more relevant as targets for vaccines or immunotherapy. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associat...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Moor RJ,Morrison LE,Moss DJ,Tscharke DC

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulating the strength and class of an immune response requires lymphocytes to act as complex signal integrating "machines", taking information from multiple sources while making decisions that affect the final outcome. Describing and understanding the decision-making behaviour of lymphocytes within the context of th...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Hodgkin PD

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has previously been implicated in a protective response to Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection. Consequently, the specific role of IL-4 during S. aureus corneal infection was investigated using IL-4 gene knockout mice. The eyes of IL-4-/- mice and wild-type mice were challenged topically with ...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Cole N,Hume EB,Khan S,Garthwaite L,Schubert T,Reeve V,Willcox MD

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic variants of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its receptor are associated with murine and human susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes, yet the role of IL-2 in controlling pancreatic islet-reactive T cells is unknown. Here, we develop a model where IL-2 deficiency precipitates a breakdown of self-tolerance and progression t...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Liston A,Siggs OM,Goodnow CC

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Th-cell development has been suggested to include selective mechanisms in which certain cytokines select either Th1 or Th2 cells to proliferate and grow. The selective theory is based on the observation that Th2 cells secrete IL-4, a cytokine that promotes Th2 development, whereas Th1 cells secrete interferon-gamma (I...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Jansson A,Harlen M,Karlsson S,Nilsson P,Cooley M

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During tuberculosis (TB) infection, the granuloma provides the microenvironment in which antigen-specific T cells colocate with and activate infected macrophages to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although the granuloma is the site for mycobacterial killing, virulent mycobacteria have developed a var...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Saunders BM,Britton WJ

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is a member of the poxvirus family and one of the most virulent human pathogens known. Although smallpox was eradicated almost 30 years ago, it is not understood why the mortality rates associated with the disease were high, why some patients recovered, and what constitu...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Stanford MM,McFadden G,Karupiah G,Chaudhri G

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer immunosurveillance representing, till recently, the explanatory framework relating cancer and the immune system, does not convincingly explain tumor escape. At the beginning of the decade, a new theory emerged, namely the immunoediting theory, and it comprehensively defines the role of the immune system in carc...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Germenis AE,Karanikas V

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe stress decreases the resistance of hosts exposed to microbial infections. As compared with two groups of control mice (normal mice, food-and-water-deprived mice [FWD mice]), restraint-stressed mice (RST mice) were shown to be greatly susceptible to intracerebral growth of Cryptococcus neoformans. The susceptibi...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Shimoda M,Jones VC,Kobayashi M,Suzuki F

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses numerous mechanisms to avoid elimination by the infected host. In this study, we investigated the possibility whether, similar to other pathogens, M. tuberculosis exploits natural CD4+ CD25+ T-regulatory cells (Treg) to suppress the effector function of responding host lymphocytes, thus...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Quinn KM,McHugh RS,Rich FJ,Goldsack LM,de Lisle GW,Buddle BM,Delahunt B,Kirman JR

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) binds strongly to complement 1q (C1q), a key component of the classical complement pathway. The goals of this study were to determine whether THP altered the activation of the classical complement pathway and whether the carbohydrate portion of THP was involved in this glycoprotein's bindin...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Rhodes DC

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing evidence that a small percentage of individuals exposed to the hepatitis C virus have the capacity to generate a strong cellular immune response against the virus and avoid persistent infection, and perhaps do so repeatedly after re-exposure. This article reviews the evidence that the responses ide...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Elliot LN,Lloyd AR,Ziegler JB,Ffrench RA

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Th-cell differentiation is highly influenced by the local cytokine environment. Although cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-4 are known to polarize the Th-cell response towards Th1 or Th2, respectively, it is not known whether these cytokines instruct the developmental fate of uncommitted Th cells or select cells that hav...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Jansson A,Fagerlind M,Karlsson D,Nilsson P,Cooley M

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterial disease remains a serious global health problem. Tuberculosis causes more than 2 million deaths a year, and leprosy is still a cause of severe disability in many parts of the world. As a result of the study of individuals with marked susceptibility to usually nonpathogenic mycobacteria, as well as case-c...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Fernando SL,Britton WJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NKT cells are a minor subset of T cells that have important roles in controlling immune responses in disease states including cancer, autoimmunity and pathogenic infections. In contrast to conventional T cells, NKT cells express an invariant TCR and respond to glycolipids presented by CD1d. In this study, we sought to...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Cornish AL,Keating R,Kyparissoudis K,Smyth MJ,Carbone FR,Godfrey DI

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The trace element zinc is essential for the survival and function of all cells. Zinc deficiency, whether nutritional or genetic, is fatal if left untreated. The effects of zinc deficiency are particularly obvious in the skin, seen as an erythematous rash, scaly plaques, and ulcers. Electron microscopy reveals degenera...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Wilson D,Varigos G,Ackland ML

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The alpha-gal epitope (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-(3)4GlcNAc-R) is abundantly synthesized on glycolipids and glycoproteins of non-primate mammals and New World monkeys by the glycosylation enzyme alpha1,3galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT). In humans, apes and Old World monkeys, this epitope is absent because the alpha1,3GT g...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Galili U

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mast cells (MC) can undergo significant changes in number and phenotype; these alterations result in the differential expression of growth factors and cytokines. Kit ligand (KL; stem cell factor) is produced by mesenchymal cells, and in the liver by biliary epithelial cells. Recent studies suggest that KL, and its rec...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Zweifel M,Breu K,Matozan K,Renner E,Welle M,Schaffner T,Clavien PA

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in anti-HIV immunity is mostly represented by the production of type I IFN in response to HIV infection in vitro and in vivo. This production is decreased in HIV-1 infected patients at the time of primary infection and during chronic disease in association with progressio...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Müller-Trutwin M,Hosmalin A

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peyer's patches (PP) are important inductive sites for the mucosal immune response. It is well known that lymphocytes that migrate into PP are mainly of T-cell lineage from thymus-derived cells (i.e. alphabetaTCR(high) cells). In this study, we further characterized the properties of PP lymphocytes in mice using a mou...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Takahashi S,Kawamura T,Kanda Y,Taniguchi T,Nishizawa T,Iiai T,Hatakeyama K,Abo T

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we examine the use of glycopeptides containing tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) as potential preventive vaccines for carcinomas. Our recent results suggest that CD8+ T cells (CTL) are capable of recognizing TACA in a conventional class I MHC-restricted fashion. The ThomsenFriedenreich antigen (TF), ...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Xu Y,Sette A,Sidney J,Gendler SJ,Franco A

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thy-1 (CD90) expressed by mouse T cells is known to have signal transducing properties, but the ability of Thy-1 to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) development is not well understood. Here we show that stimulation of mouse T cells with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to CD3, CD28 and Thy-1 (clone G7), which were coim...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Haeryfar SM,Conrad DM,Musgrave B,Hoskin DW

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Irradiated malaria sporozoites induce better protection than viable untreated sporozoites. We observed early differences between irradiated and viable untreated sporozoites in priming responses in vivo to a protective CD8 T-cell epitope, pb9, of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium berghei. Sporozoites were proc...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Plebanski M,Hannan CM,Behboudi S,Flanagan KL,Apostolopoulos V,Sinden RE,Hill AV

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of antigens in transgenic plants has been increasingly used in the development of experimental vaccines, particularly oriented to the development of edible vaccines. Hence, this technology becomes highly suitable to express immunogenic proteins from pathogens. Foot and mouth disease virus, bovine rotavi...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Dus Santos MJ,Wigdorovitz A

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The NK gene complex (NKC) on mouse chromosome 6 encodes receptors that are expressed on NK cells, such as Ly49H, and is involved in regulating NK cell control of virus infections, such as murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). In the present study, we investigated the level of allelic heterogeneity in NKC loci in populations ...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Scalzo AA,Manzur M,Forbes CA,Brown MG,Shellam GR

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic asthma is responsible for widespread morbidity and mortality and its incidence has increased dramatically in industrialized countries over the past two decades. Here, we describe a new murine model of allergic asthma utilizing a novel allergen with intrinsic enzymatic activity similar to that reported for man...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Marsland BJ,Camberis M,Le Gros G

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Almost all vaccinations today are delivered through parenteral routes. Mucosal vaccination offers several benefits over parenteral routes of vaccination, including ease of administration, the possibility of self-administration, elimination of the chance of injection with infected needles, and induction of mucosal as w...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Vajdy M,Srivastava I,Polo J,Donnelly J,O'Hagan D,Singh M

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are estimated to be 350 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B infection worldwide. Patients with chronic hepatitis B are at risk of liver cirrhosis with associated mortality because of hepatocellular carcinoma and other complications. An important goal, therefore, is the development of an effective therapeutic...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Aguilar JC,Lobaina Y,Muzio V,García D,Pentón E,Iglesias E,Pichardo D,Urquiza D,Rodríguez D,Silva D,Petrovsky N,Guillén G

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunotherapy of tumours using T cells expanded in vitro has met with mixed clinical success suggesting that a greater understanding of tumour/T-cell interaction is required. We used a HPV16E7 oncoprotein-based mouse tumour model to study this further. In this study, we demonstrate that a HPV16E7 tumour passes through...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Stewart TJ,Fernando GJ,Frazer IH,Leggatt GR

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM-1) is a key player in mediating the infiltration of leucocytes into chronically inflamed tissues. Five anti-MAdCAM-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), designated 17F5, 201F7, 314G8, 377D10 and 355G8, were generated by fusion of P3 x 63Ag8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells ...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Leung E,Lehnert KB,Kanwar JR,Yang Y,Mon Y,McNeil HP,Krissansen GW

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T lymphocytes are characterized by the use of structurally diverse TCR. The discovery of subsets of canonical T cells that have structurally homogeneous TCR presents an enigma: What antigens do these T cells recognize, and how does their antigen specificity relate to their functions? One subset of canonical T cells is...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Gumperz JE

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of mice with the flaviviruses West Nile virus (WNV) and Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) induces cytolytic T-cell responses which are highly cross-reactive on target cells infected with heterologous flaviviruses. Of C57BL/6 mice infected with low doses (10(2)-10(6) PFU) of either virus, 30-40% develop enceph...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Wang Y,Lobigs M,Lee E,Müllbacher A

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4(+) T cells are activated upon recognition of peptide antigen in the context of MHC class II molecules, expressed by specialized APC. In this study, we show that CD4(+) T cells cross-compete for antigenic complexes on the surface of APC, inhibiting activation of other potentially reactive T cells of the same and di...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Hayball JD,Robinson BW,Lake RA

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system has developed mechanisms to detect and initiate responses to a continual barrage of immunological challenges. Dendritic cells (DC), a heterogeneous population of leucocytes, play a major role as immunosurveillance agents. To accomplish this function, DC are equipped with highly efficient mechanisms t...

journal_title：Immunology and cell biology

authors： Wilson NS,Villadangos JA

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00